A short, jargon-free look at what these are, how they work and who tends to ask about them.
Your cells talk to each other. Exosomes are the tiny packages they use to send those messages, carrying instructions that tell nearby cells what to do.
In a clinical setting, exosome preparations are used to support the body's own signalling and repair processes.
Stem cells are the body's blank-slate cells. Unlike a skin cell or a muscle cell, they have not yet become one specific type, which is why they play a central role in how the body repairs itself.
These therapies are among the most discussed in regenerative medicine, and the research in this area is still developing.
You lie on a mat or sit beside a device that sends gentle, low-level electromagnetic pulses through the body. There is no needle and nothing to feel beyond a light tingling.
It is one of the easiest treatments to add to a routine because sessions are short and completely non-invasive.
Specific wavelengths of red and near-infrared light are shone onto the skin. The light itself is not hot, and a session feels like sitting in front of a warm panel.
Also called photobiomodulation, it is widely available and one of the most studied options on this list.
Peptides are short chains of amino acids, the same building blocks that make up proteins. Your body already makes and uses thousands of them as chemical messengers.
In clinical use, specific peptides are selected by a provider based on an individual's goals and health history.
A side-by-side look at how these five differ in practice.
| Treatment | How it's given | Invasive? | Typical session | Needs a provider? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exosomes | Injection or IV | Yes | 30 to 60 min | Yes |
| Stem cells | Injection or IV | Yes | 45 to 90 min | Yes |
| PEMF | Mat or device | No | 10 to 30 min | No |
| Red light | Light panel or bed | No | 10 to 20 min | No |
| Peptides | Injection or oral | Minimal | At home, ongoing | Yes |
Swipe the table sideways to see every column
A starting point, not a recommendation. A provider decides what is appropriate for you.
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